Bike brake calipers: disc, V-Brake, cantilever

The MTB brake caliper is the part that clamps: on a disc brake, it pushes the pads against the disc; on a V-Brake or a cantilever, its arms pinch the rim. To replace it, identify the type of brake, then the mounting, usually Post Mount on most MTBs, and for a hydraulic brake, the brand of the lever and its fluid. Complete calipers and spare parts are gathered here.